HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 

The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an Application layer protocol of ISO OSI Reference model. HyperText Transfer Protocol is very important protocol for World Wide Web.

HTTP was developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN (French: Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire or in English European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1989. The first version of HTTP came in 1997.

HTTP works as request-response protocol in client-server architecture. A web browser may be the client and an application program running on website hosting machine may be the server. The client submits an request message to the server machine. The server returns a response message to the client and provides resources such as web page, audio, video and performs other functions on the basis of client request.

A browser is an example of a user agent (UA) program. Some other user agent programs are indexing programs, mobile apps, voice browsers, and many more which provides the facility to accesses and displays web contents by the help of HTTP protocol.

HTTP defines methods/functions to perform the desired actions on web resources. Some methods of HTTP protocol are listed below:

GET: The GET method request represents a specified resource. This type of request retrieves only Data.

POST: The POST method sends request into encrypted form. It is more secure than the Get method.

HEAD: This method is useful for retrieving meta-data written in response header, without transporting entire content/matter.

DELETE: This method deletes the identified web resources.

TRACE: This method prints the received request so that the client can see the changes made by intermediate machine (servers).

OPTIONS: This method is used to examine the functionality of a web server machine.

What is HotJava?

What is HotJava?

HotJava was a modular, extensible World-Wide Web browser developed by Sun Microsystems written entirely in Java programming language. Java is a simple, object oriented, distributed, robust, interpreted, architecture-neutral, secure, multithreaded, protable, dynamic and general purpose programming language. Java language supports programming for the Web/Internet in the form of architecture-neutral and plateform-independent Java applets. HotJava was the first browser that supports Java applets.

In the year of 1994, a team of Java developers started a project, called WebRunner, which was the copy of web browser Mosaic. Project was based on the Java programming language. It was officially annouced as HotJava in May, 1995 at the SunWorld conference of Sun Microsystmes Inc.

HotJava had limited functionality compaired to other browsers of its time.

After its development, HotJava suffered from the inherent performance limitations of JVM (Java Virtual Machine) that is processing speed and memory consumption. Hence HotJava was very-very sluggish web browser.

Internet

Internet
Transfer of information from one place to another is backbone of modern civilization. Today we cannot imagine our world without communication media. This need led to the development of Internet. Today Internet converts the world into a village. With its flexibility, capacity of rapidly transferring vast volume of data, the Internet becomes the need of now-a-day and replaced almost various traditional media of information/data transfer.

The Internet is a network of networks that consist of many public, private, business, academic and government networks,  by using user can easily transfer and access information/data between different types of computer or any other device situated at any place of the globe. In other words, we can say that the internet is a global network in which combination of individual computers and computer networks that are interconnected by many media. The Internet uses Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP Suite) to link billions of devices worldwide.

Do you know W3?

Do you know W3?

The World Wide Web was invented by English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. He worte the first web browser in 1990 for the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is an information system where documents (web pages) and other web resources are stored and interlinked by hypertext links and identified by URLs. It is also known as the Web. The World Wide Web provides a way billions of people use to interact on the Internet.

The terms Internet and the World Wide Web are not same. The Internet is a global sysytem of interconnecting computers while the World Wide Web is a global collection of web pages and other web resources. By the help of web browser to view the web pages, and to move from one web page to another is known as web browsing or web surfing or navigating web.

The Web browser interprets the markup (<p> for paragraph, <h1> for heading, and such) surrounds the word to format the text. The Web pages use HTML. The Web pages contain hyperlinks to relate other web pages, downloadable file, and other web resources.